Fix typos in OpenBSD crash post

v1/config.yaml

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ data_sources:
     # same as the items root, but applies to layouts rather than items.
     layouts_root: /
 
-base_url: 'http://www.wezm.net'
+base_url: 'https://www.wezm.net'
 deploy:
   default:
     kind: rsync

v1/content/robots.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 User-Agent: *
 Disallow: 
 Sitemap: <%= @config[:base_url] %>/sitemap.xml
+Sitemap: <%= @config[:base_url] %>/v2/sitemap.xml

v2/content/posts/2023/anz-youtube-makers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
++++
+title = "Australian and New Zealand Makers on YouTube"
+date = 2023-04-11T10:04:27+10:00
+
+[extra]
+updated = 2023-04-14T12:16:17+10:00
++++
+
+I decided I wanted to add some more local folks into my YouTube subscriptions.
+I [put the call out on Mastodon][toot] for suggestions for folks doing videos
+about machining, woodworking, electronics, software, that type of thing. I
+received a number of helpful replies and thought it might be useful to collect
+the list (as well as ones I'm already subscribed to) on this page in case
+others are looking for new channels to check out.
+
+<!-- more -->
+
+* [Andrew Newton](https://www.youtube.com/@AndrewNewton)
+* [Artisan Makes](https://www.youtube.com/@artisanmakes)
+* [BensWorx](https://www.youtube.com/@BensWorx)
+* [Clickspring](https://www.youtube.com/@Clickspring)
+* [Cutting Edge Engineering Australia](https://www.youtube.com/@CuttingEdgeEngineering)
+* [EEVblog](https://www.youtube.com/@EEVblog)
+* [iforce2d](https://www.youtube.com/@iforce2d)
+* [Luke Towan](https://www.youtube.com/@LukeTowan)
+* [Mach Super](https://www.youtube.com/@machsuper)
+* [Maker's Muse](https://www.youtube.com/@MakersMuse)
+* [MattKC](https://www.youtube.com/@MattKC) (Matt moved to the US but he still counts 🙂)
+* [MooreTech](https://www.youtube.com/@MooreTech) -- It's me!
+* [Pask Makes](https://www.youtube.com/@PaskMakes)
+* [Primitive Technology](https://www.youtube.com/@primitivetechnology9550)
+* [Psivewri](https://www.youtube.com/@psivewri)
+* [SuperHouseTV](https://www.youtube.com/@SuperHouseTV)
+* [Unexpected Maker](https://www.youtube.com/@UnexpectedMaker)
+
+That's the list for now. If you have other suggestions (especially if they can
+mix up the diversity of the list a bit) please let me know.
+
+[toot]: https://mastodon.decentralised.social/@wezm/110165869937514088

v2/content/posts/2023/derez/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
++++
+title = "How to use DeRez"
+date = 2023-03-20T12:44:38+10:00
+
+#[extra]
+#updated = 2023-03-01T21:54:06+10:00
++++
+
+After my post on trying to run
+[Rust on Classic Mac OS post](@/posts/2023/rust-on-ppc-classic-mac-os/index.md) I continued trying to
+find a modern language that I can use to build classic Mac OS software. I've
+had some success with [Nim] and built a little
+[temperature converter application][nim-temp-src]. As part of this I wanted to be able to use
+[ResEdit] to edit the layout of the dialog. The problem was that I need a way
+to convert the modified resources back into the textual representation used in
+the source code. In this post I describe how I did this with `DeRez`.
+
+<!-- more -->
+
+{{ video(video="posts/2023/derez/mac-nim-temp.mp4", height=227, poster="png", preload="auto", alt="Video of the temperature converter application.", caption="Video of the temperature converter application.") }}
+
+To build the temperature converter I started with the [Dialog sample] from
+[Retro68], which looks like this:
+
+{{ figure(image="posts/2023/derez/Dialog.png", link="posts/2023/derez/Dialog.png", pixelated=true, alt="Screenshot of the Dialog sample from Retro68. It has a static text item, edit text item, check box, two radio buttons, and a Quit button.", caption="Dialog Sample") }}
+
+I opened it up in ResEdit and edited the `DITL` (Dialog Template) resource to
+add the icon and temperature fields. I also added a new `ICON` resource and
+drew a little thermometer:
+
+{{ figure(image="posts/2023/derez/DITL.png", link="posts/2023/derez/DITL.png", pixelated=true, alt="Screenshot of the ResEdit DITL editor editing the DITL resource for my temperature converter.", caption="Editing DITL resource in ResEdit") }}
+
+With the changes made, I now wanted to convert the binary resources stored in
+the resource fork back into the [textual format used in the source code][dialog.r].
+I believe the format is called `Rez`, here's a snippet of it:
+
+```
+resource 'DITL' (128) {
+	{
+		{ 190-10-20, 320-10-80, 190-10, 320-10 },
+		Button { enabled, "Quit" };
+
+		{ 190-10-20-5, 320-10-80-5, 190-10+5, 320-10+5 },
+		UserItem { enabled };
+
+		{ 10, 10, 30, 310 },
+		StaticText { enabled, "Static Text Item" };
+
+		{ 40, 10, 56, 310 },
+		EditText { enabled, "Edit Text Item" };
+
+		{ 70, 10, 86, 310 },
+		CheckBox { enabled, "Check Box" };
+
+		{ 90, 10, 106, 310 },
+		RadioButton { enabled, "Radio 1" };
+
+		{ 110, 10, 126, 310 },
+		RadioButton { enabled, "Radio 2" };
+	}
+};
+```
+
+This turned out to be a bit of journey and the motivation for this blog post.
+As part of the [Macintosh Programmers Workshop][mpw] (MPW) theres is a tool
+called `DeRez` that does what I want. First up I had to work out how to operate
+MPW. It's an editable shell where you run commands with ⌘-Return. Once I worked
+that out I could run `DeRez` on my edited application but I only got the
+fullback hexadecimal representation of the resources, not the structured output
+I wanted:
+
+```
+data 'DITL' (128) {
+	$"0007 0000 0000 00A0 00E6 00B4 0136 0404"            /* ....... .æ.´.6.. */
+	$"5175 6974 0000 0000 009B 00E1 00B9 013B"            /* Quit.....›.á.¹.; */
+	$"0000 0000 0000 0046 000A 005A 0136 0808"            /* .......F...Z.6.. */
+	$"4865 6C6C 6F20 5E30 0000 0000 001E 000A"            /* Hello ^0........ */
+	$"003E 002A A002 0597 0000 0000 0014 0032"            /* .>.* ..—.......2 */
+	$"0024 007D 8807 4365 6C73 6975 7300 0000"            /* .$.}ˆ.Celsius... */
+	$"0000 0014 00AA 0024 00F5 8809 4661 7265"            /* .....ª.$.õˆÆFare */
+	$"6E68 6569 7400 0000 0000 0029 0036 0039"            /* nheit......).6.9 */
+	$"0081 1009 4564 6974 2054 6578 7400 0000"            /* ..ÆEdit Text... */
+	$"0000 002B 00AE 003B 00F9 1009 4564 6974"            /* ...+.®.;.ù.ÆEdit */
+	$"2054 6578 7400"                                     /*  Text. */
+};
+```
+
+`Help DeRez` in MPW didn't shed much light on the problem but after a lot of
+searching online I eventually found some extra details in the [man page for
+`DeRez`][DeRez man] shipped on Mac OS X. Specifically:
+
+> The type declarations for the standard
+> Macintosh resources are contained in the `Carbon.r` resource header file,
+> contained in the Carbon framework.  You may use the ${RIncludes} shell
+> environment variable to define a default path to resource header files.
+> If you do not specify any type declaration files, `DeRez` produces data
+> statements in hexadecimal form.
+
+and
+
+> You can also specify resource description
+> files containing type declarations.  For each type declaration file on
+> the command line, DeRez applies the following search rules:
+> 
+> 1. DeRez tries to open the file with the name specified as is.
+> 
+> 2. If rule 1 fails and the filename contains no colons or begins with a
+>    colon, DeRez appends the filename to each of the pathnames specified by
+>    the {RIncludes} environment variable and tries to open the file.
+
+With this information I was able to construct a command that worked:
+
+
+```
+DeRez -i 'Macintosh HD:MPW-GM:Interfaces&Libraries:Interfaces:RIncludes:' "Macintosh HD:Retro68:Retro68App" Carbon.r
+```
+
+`-i` sets the include path for type declarations and `Carbon.r` tells it to use
+that file for resource descriptions. Running the command I was now rewarded
+with textual resources:
+
+{{ figure(image="posts/2023/derez/MPW.png", link="posts/2023/derez/MPW.png", pixelated=true, alt="Screenshot of an MPW worksheet on Mac OS 8 showing the output of running DeRez on an application.", caption="DeRez output in MPW") }}
+
+To get the text out of the VM I copied and pasted it into a new document in
+[BBEdit] (version 5.0) and saved it with Unix line endings to the Unix folder
+that [SheepShaver] shares with the host and with that I was able to update the
+[resource file in my temperature converter project][my dialog.r].
+
+### Honorable Mention
+
+Whilst trying to work out how to do all this I was also reminded of Ninji's
+[mpw-emu] project ([detailed write-up on their blog][mpw-emu-blog]). It
+combines an emulator with implementations of library functions in order to be
+able to run MPW tools directly (outside a Mac OS emulator). It has gained
+support for `DeRez` so you can run `DeRez` directly on a host system like
+Linux. 
+
+I [MacBinaried][MacBinary] `DeRez` in SheepShaver and copied it to my Linux host. Then with a bit
+of fussing with `mpw-emu` Rust code I was able to run it:
+
+```
+$ mpw-emu ~/Documents/Classic\ Mac/Shared\ 2/DeRez.bin
+[2023-03-20T02:11:07Z ERROR emulator] Unimplemented call to InterfaceLib::SetFScaleDisable @10012C6C
+[2023-03-20T02:11:07Z ERROR stdio] Unimplemented format character: P
+[2023-03-20T02:11:07Z ERROR emulator] Unimplemented call to InterfaceLib::SecondsToDate @1000B2A4
+### /home/wmoore/Documents/Classic Mac/Shared 2/DeRez.bin - No filename to de-compile was specified.
+### /home/wmoore/Documents/Classic Mac/Shared 2/DeRez.bin - Usage: /home/wmoore/Documents/Classic Mac/Shared 2/DeRez.bin resourceFile [-c] [-d name[=value]] [-e] [-i path] [-m n] [-noResolve [output | include]] [-only type[(id[:id])]] [-p] [-rd] [-s type[(id[:id])]] [-script japanese | tradChinese | simpChinese | korean] [-u name] [file…].
+```
+
+Amazing!
+
+Unfortunately I don't think `DeRez` will work this way outside a macOS host. It
+needs to be able to read the resource fork of the application I edited with
+ResEdit and that is not preserved on Linux:
+
+```
+$ mpw-emu ~/Documents/Classic\ Mac/Shared\ 2/DeRez.bin Dialog.APPL
+[2023-03-20T02:14:05Z ERROR emulator] Unimplemented call to InterfaceLib::SetFScaleDisable @10012C6C
+[2023-03-20T02:14:05Z ERROR stdio] Unimplemented format character: P
+[2023-03-20T02:14:05Z ERROR emulator] Unimplemented call to InterfaceLib::SecondsToDate @1000B2A4
+### /home/wmoore/Documents/Classic Mac/Shared 2/DeRez.bin - The resource fork of "Dialog.APPL" is empty and uninitialized.
+```
+
+If you're on macOS I think that this would actually work. Although now I think
+about it Xcode ships (or at least used to) a native version of `DeRez` so now
+I'm not sure what Ninji's motivation for making it work in `mpw-emu` was.
+Perhaps it is possible to use on Linux somehow...
+
+[Nim]: https://nim-lang.org/
+[ResEdit]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ResEdit
+[Retro68]: https://github.com/autc04/Retro68
+[Dialog sample]: https://github.com/autc04/Retro68/tree/5f882506013a0a8a4335350197a1b7c91763494e/Samples/Dialog
+[dialog.r]: https://github.com/autc04/Retro68/blob/5f882506013a0a8a4335350197a1b7c91763494e/Samples/Dialog/dialog.r
+[DeRez man]: https://www.manpagez.com/man/1/DeRez/
+[BBEdit]: http://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/index.html
+[SheepShaver]: https://sheepshaver.cebix.net/
+[my dialog.r]: https://github.com/wezm/classic-mac-nim/blob/39e6ed7c2b31c20b775782319cde8ae5a43e1512/dialog.r
+[mpw-emu]: https://github.com/Treeki/mpw-emu
+[mpw-emu-blog]: https://wuffs.org/blog/emulating-mac-compilers
+[mpw]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_Programmer%27s_Workshop
+[MacBinary]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacBinary
+[nim-temp-src]: https://github.com/wezm/classic-mac-nim/tree/39e6ed7c2b31c20b775782319cde8ae5a43e1512

v2/content/posts/2023/openbsd-db-atapi-start-not-ready/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
++++
+title = "Fixing OpenBSD panic dc_atapi_start: not ready in KVM"
+date = 2023-09-17T12:13:24+10:00
+
+[extra]
+updated = 2023-09-22T11:56:57+10:00
++++
+
+I tried creating an OpenBSD 7.3 virtual machine on my new computer (Arch Linux
+host) and the installer kept crashing with the error:
+
+{{ figure(image="posts/2023/openbsd-db-atapi-start-not-ready/openbsd_panic_dc_atapi_start_not_ready.png", link="posts/2023/openbsd-db-atapi-start-not-ready/openbsd_panic_dc_atapi_start_not_ready.png", alt="Screenshot of the installer crash.", caption="Screenshot of the installer crash.") }}
+
+```
+dc_atapi_start: not ready, st = 50
+fatal protection fault in supervisor mode trap type 4 code 0 rip ffffffff810089d9 cs 8 rflags 10282 cr2 287eb3000 cpl 6 rsp ffff800014fd11a0
+gssbase Oxffffffff818fbff0 kgsbase Ox0
+panic: trap type 4, code=0, pc=ffffffff810089d9
+syncing disks...12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 _
+```
+
+<!-- more -->
+
+I did a bunch of searching online and tried a several different suggestions but that one that
+worked for me was from [this Reddid thread][reddit]:
+
+> **tinneriw31**
+>
+> Switch the virtual cd drive from ide to sata. Worked for me. Exact same issue.
+
+I use [virt-manager] to manage VMs. These are the steps to do that when creating the VM:
+
+1. Create the VM and at the last step choose "Customize configuration before install"
+2. Click on the "IDE CDROM 1" tab and change "Disk bus" to SATA
+3. Then click Apply, and then Begin installation in the top left.
+
+After that the VM installed successfully.
+
+{{ figure(image="posts/2023/openbsd-db-atapi-start-not-ready/virt-manager-customize-configuration.png", link="posts/2023/openbsd-db-atapi-start-not-ready/virt-manager-customize-configuration.png", alt="Screenshot of step 5 in the new virtual machine wizard in virt-manager showing the 'Customize configuration before install' option checked.", caption="Customize configuration before install.", width=504) }}
+
+{{ figure(image="posts/2023/openbsd-db-atapi-start-not-ready/virt-manager-sata-cd-rom.png", link="posts/2023/openbsd-db-atapi-start-not-ready/virt-manager-sata-cd-rom.png", alt="Screenshot of the virt-manager CD ROM tab showing 'Disk bus: SATA' selected.", caption="Disk bus: SATA", width=1028) }}
+
+[reddit]: https://www.reddit.com/r/openbsd/comments/12jzg2y/when_i_tried_to_install_openbsd_73_in_qemu_i/jhhk1gx/
+[virt-manager]: https://virt-manager.org/

v2/content/posts/2023/rust-classic-mac-os-app/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
++++
+title = "Building a Classic Mac OS App in Rust"
+date = 2023-03-31T13:26:07+10:00
+
+#[extra]
+#updated = 2023-03-26T14:27:05+10:00
++++
+
+Instead of using my funemployment to build useful things I have continued to
+build things for old versions of Mac OS. Through some luck and a little
+persistence I have actually managed to get Rust code running on classic Mac OS
+(I've tried Mac OS 7.5 and 8.1). In this post I'll cover how I got here and
+show a little network connected demo application I built—just in time for
+the end of [#MARCHintosh].
+
+<!-- more -->
+
+Before I get into the details this is where we're headed:
+
+{{ video(video="posts/2023/rust-classic-mac-os-app/ferris-weather-2023-03-31_12.37.49_edit.mp4", height=480, poster="png", preload="auto", alt="Video showing the Ferris Weather application in operation. Initially there is a window with a Ferris icon, the text, 'An application that exercises my Open Transport Rust bindings and HTTP client', and a button 'Get Weather'. Clicking the button results in an alert that says: 'The temperature in Brisbane is 26.9°C'.", caption="Ferris Weather, a weather app built with Rust (and some C)") }}
+
+### DeRez Redux
+
+In [the last post](@/posts/2023/derez/index.md) I got Nim code running on Mac
+OS and toyed with DeRez. [The author of `mpu-emu` replied on Mastodon][Ninji]
+letting me know that DeRez _should_ run via `mpw-emu` on Linux as the
+filesystem layer transparently handles [MacBinary] files.
+
+I spent some time in the debugger and worked out that `mpw-emu` supported
+MacBinary III but [Retro68] produced MacBinary II files. I contributed code
+to `mpw-emu` to add MacBinary II support and enabled some latent support for
+UNIX paths. After that DeRez did work (almost):
+
+```
+$ mpw-emu ~/Documents/Classic\ Mac/Shared\ 2/DeRez.bin Root:home:wmoore:Projects:classic-mac-rust:cmake-build-retro68ppc:Dialog.bin
+[2023-03-31T04:51:34Z ERROR emulator] Unimplemented call to InterfaceLib::SetFScaleDisable @10012C6C
+[2023-03-31T04:51:34Z ERROR stdio] Unimplemented format character: P
+[2023-03-31T04:51:34Z ERROR emulator] Unimplemented call to InterfaceLib::SecondsToDate @1000B2A4
+data 'DITL' (128) {
+	$"0007 0000 0000 00A0 00E6 00B4 0136 0404"            /* .......†.Ê.¥.6.. */
+	$"5175 6974 0000 0000 009B 00E1 00B9 013B"            /* Quit.....õ.·.π.; */
+	$"0000 0000 0000 0046 000A 005A 0136 0818"            /* .......F...Z.6.. */
+	$"436F 6E76 6572 7369 6F6E 2070 6F77 6572"            /* Conversion power */
+	$"6564 2062 7920 5E30 0000 0000 001E 000A"            /* ed by ^0........ */
+	$"003E 002A A002 0080 0000 0000 0014 0032"            /* .>.*†..Ä.......2 */
+	$"0024 007D 8807 4365 6C73 6975 7300 0000"            /* .$.}à.Celsius... */
+	$"0000 0014 00AA 0024 00F5 8809 4661 7265"            /* .....™.$.ıà∆Fare */
+	$"6E68 6569 7400 0000 0000 0029 0036 0039"            /* nheit......).6.9 */
+	$"0081 1002 3235 0000 0000 002B 00AE 003B"            /* .Å..25.....+.Æ.; */
+	$"00F9 1002 3737"                                     /* .˘..77 */
+};
+
+/* etc */
+```
+
+Success! DeRez running on Linux… only thing is that when you point at the type
+definitions to get structured output instead of hex dumps it hits an
+unimplemented function in `mpw-emu`. It's on my to-do list to fix that:
+
+```
+$ mpw-emu ~/Documents/Classic\ Mac/Shared\ 2/DeRez.bin Root:home:wmoore:Projects:classic-mac-rust:cmake-build-retro68ppc:Dialog.bin Root:home:wmoore:Source:github.com:autc04:Retro68:InterfacesAndLibraries:Interfaces\&Libraries:Interfaces:RIncludes:Carbon.r
+[2023-03-31T04:53:07Z ERROR emulator] Unimplemented call to InterfaceLib::SetFScaleDisable @10012C6C
+[2023-03-31T04:53:07Z ERROR stdio] Unimplemented format character: P
+[2023-03-31T04:53:07Z ERROR emulator] Unimplemented call to InterfaceLib::SecondsToDate @1000B2A4
+[2023-03-31T04:53:07Z ERROR emulator] Unimplemented call to StdCLib::fseek @10006A8C
+File "Root:home:wmoore:Source:github.com:autc04:Retro68:InterfacesAndLibraries:Interfaces&Libraries:Interfaces:RIncludes:CoreServices.r"; Line 0; ### /home/wmoore/Documents/Classic Mac/Shared 2/DeRez.bin - Can't FSeek on file Root:home:wmoore:Source:github.com:autc04:Retro68:InterfacesAndLibraries:Interfaces&Libraries:Interfaces:RIncludes:CoreServices.r.
+File "Root:home:wmoore:Source:github.com:autc04:Retro68:InterfacesAndLibraries:Interfaces&Libraries:Interfaces:RIncludes:CoreServices.r"; Line 0; ### /home/wmoore/Documents/Classic Mac/Shared 2/DeRez.bin - Fatal Error, can't recover.
+```
+
+### MacBinary
+
+Poking at the MacBinary code in `mpw-emu` got me wondering if there was already
+a MacBinary crate that could be used. Turns out there wasn't so I somehow
+nerd-sniped myself into [building one][macbinary-crate].
+
+The first challenge was finding a decent specification for the three versions
+of MacBinary. I was eventually I was able to dig up the following:
+
+- [MacBinary I]
+- [MacBinary II]
+- [MacBinary III]
+
+I then set about building the parser. I reused the binary parser code from
+[Allsorts] since I was already familiar with that code. I hit another roadblock
+when it came to the CRC in the header. Nothing describes the actual CRC
+algorithm used. I tried the CRC reversing tool [CRC RevEng][RevEng] without
+success. A lot of existing code seemed to use an implementation that originated
+in a late 80's UNIX utility, [mcvert], that has unclear licensing. I wanted to
+use the Rust [crc crate] instead.
+
+I eventually stumbled on the blog post,
+[Detecting MacBinary format](https://entropymine.wordpress.com/2019/02/13/detecting-macbinary-format/),
+which included the line:
+
+> Note that the spec does not even tell you what CRC algorithm to use — you
+> have to be a detective to figure it out. (It’s the one sometimes called
+> CRC16-CCITT.) 
+
+That was the tip I needed and with a little trial an error I eventually worked
+out that it was [CRC-16/XMODEM] also known as `CRC-16/CCITT-FALSE`. In
+hindsight I could probably have worked this out from the discussion of XMODEM
+in the [MacBinary I spec][MacBinary I].
+
+With that sorted I was able to wrap up the parser and do some testing. I could
+now read the resource and data forks and figured it would be interesting to be
+able to parse the resource data too, so I added a resource fork parser as well.
+
+I wrote the parsers in a way that does not require heap allocation—only
+borrowing from the underlying data. Due to this it was straightforward to make
+the crate compatible with `no_std`, which allows it to be used in embedded
+environments and WebAssembly.
+
+As something of a test-bed I created some
+WebAssembly bindings and built a page that allows you inspect MacBinary
+files online, with all parsing done client-side via the crate. You can
+try it out at: <https://7bit.org/macbinary/>
+
+### Rust on Mac OS
+
+Now that I was well and truly in the classic Mac space again I took another
+stab at compiling Rust for PPC Mac OS
+([see this post for my previous attempt](@/posts/2023/rust-on-ppc-classic-mac-os/index.md)).
+It seemed that using the
+`powerpc-ibm-aix` LLVM target was most likely to produce a compatible library
+(Apple used AIX conventions for PPC Mac OS). Problem was that it was hitting
+unimplemented code in LLVM:
+
+> LLVM ERROR: relocation for paired relocatable term is not yet supported
+
+I set about trying to work out how this code path was being hit and ran `rustc`
+in a debugger. Unsurprisingly there were no debug symbols so I built `rustc`
+and LLVM from source. This was my `config.toml` for the Rust repo:
+
+```toml
+[llvm]
+release-debuginfo = true
+download-ci-llvm = false
+link-jobs = 4
+```
+
+After repeatedly running out of disk space and memory compiling LLVM (the
+binaries with debug info are huge) I eventually had new Rust compiler.
+
+Some of the LLVM binaries:
+
+```
+.rwxr-xr-x 2.0G wmoore 26 Mar 20:05 llc
+.rwxr-xr-x 2.1G wmoore 26 Mar 20:10 llvm-opt-fuzzer
+.rwxr-xr-x 2.1G wmoore 26 Mar 20:04 bugpoint
+.rwxr-xr-x 2.2G wmoore 26 Mar 20:09 llvm-lto2
+.rwxr-xr-x 2.2G wmoore 26 Mar 20:06 llvm-lto
+.rwxr-xr-x 2.2G wmoore 26 Mar 20:11 opt
+.rwxr-xr-x 2.3G wmoore 26 Mar 20:11 llvm-reduce
+```
+
+I linked the new compiler into `rustup` and then repeated my previous steps in
+the debugger… except this time the code compiled and did not hit the
+unimplemented LLVM code. This was my first lucky break. I'm not sure what
+changed but it was now happily compiling the code. I switched to a recent
+nightly compiler and that worked too! No need to build from source.
+
+I repeated the step described in my original post of using
+`powerpc-linux-gnu-objcopy` to convert the static library archive (`.a`) to a
+format that Retro68 would accept. After some fighting with `binutils` I was
+finally able to get it to link!
+
+<iframe src="https://mastodon.decentralised.social/@wezm/110098546361010915/embed" class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="400" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe><script src="https://mastodon.decentralised.social/embed.js" async="async"></script>
+
+I rebuilt the temperature converter that I'd built in Nim in Rust ([source code][rust-temp]) and ran into
+more linker/`binutils` issues. After a _lot_ of trial-and-error and some more
+luck I was able to solve that by using the updated `binutils` on the
+`gcc12-update branch` branch of Retro68. I now had a working temperature
+converter:
+
+{{ video(video="posts/2023/rust-classic-mac-os-app/classic-mac-rust-2023-03-28_20.00.31.mp4", height=480, poster="png", preload="auto", alt="Video of the temperature converter converting values to and from Celsius, running on Mac OS 8.1 (in emulator).", caption="The temperature converter application ported to Rust") }}
+
+It worked on Mac OS 7.5 too:
+
+{{ figure(image="posts/2023/rust-classic-mac-os-app/rust-on-mac-os-7.png", link="posts/2023/rust-classic-mac-os-app/rust-on-mac-os-7.png", pixelated=true, border=1, alt="Screenshot of the temperature converter application running on Mac OS 7.5 (in emulator).", caption="Temperature converter application running on Mac OS 7.5") }}
+
+The Rust version is a bit more efficient than the [Nim version][nim-version] as
+it avoids some copying and heap allocation. That latter of which because I'm
+coding in a `no_std` environment without a heap.
+
+The Rust standard library is divided into three main parts (crates):
+
+1. `core` for things that do not require heap allocation, I/O, etc.
+2. `alloc` for things that use heap allocation but not I/O etc.
+3. `std`, the rest: files, networking, threads, etc. `std` re-exports the
+   other two.
+
+By defining a custom allocator that called `malloc` and `free` provided by the
+Retro68 environment I was able to use the `alloc` crate in addition to `core`.
+This gained me access `String`, `Vec`, and friends.
+
+#### Networking
+
+I now wanted to build something a little more involved than a single dialog. I
+set about building bindings to Open Transport, Apple's network stack introduced
+with PCI Power Macs (like my 9500).
+
+Due to its heritage most of the Mac OS toolbox functions use the Pascal calling
+convention, [which LLVM does not support][llvm-pascal]. To bridge the C (and
+Rust) world to this Pascal world I had to create [trampoline functions] in C
+for each toolbox function that I wanted to call from Rust (if there's a better
+way to do this I'd love to know how). This works because `gcc` in Retro68
+understands both C and Pascal calling conventions. I appended an underscore to
+each of the wrapper functions. For example:
+
+```c
+OSStatus OTConnect_(EndpointRef ref, TCall *sndCall, TCall *rcvCall) {
+    return OTConnect(ref, sndCall, rcvCall);
+}
+```
+
+I used the "Downloading a URL With HTTP" example from the [Networking With Open Transport]
+book as a guide for the functions I needed. Once the bindings were created I
+implemented the `TcpClientStack` trait from the [embedded-nal] \(embedded network abstraction layer)
+crate against Open Transport. Next I used this with the [http_io] crate to be able
+to make HTTP requests.
+
+As an initial test I wrote an app to fetch a friend's website (since it's
+available over plain HTTP) and show an alert with the number of bytes read.
+Amazingly this worked on the first try: the Open Transport bindings, the
+`TcpClientStack` implementation, the HTTP client, and my test code all worked!
+
+Finally I used my newfound networking abilities to build [Ferris
+Weather][ferris-weather], the application shown at the start of the post. This
+uses the HTTP client to fetch a JSON file containing weather observations,
+parses it with [serde] and then shows an alert with the most recent
+observation. I also drew a little 1-bit [Ferris the Rustacean][Ferris] in
+[ResEdit] for it.
+
+The idea for this was prompted by the [Australian Bureau of Meteorology][bom]
+still being accessible over HTTP. Unfortunately it wasn't working and after a
+lot of debugging I eventually discovered that I triggering their anti-scraping
+blocker for some reason. To work around this I copied a snapshot of the JSON to
+my own server. So, unfortunately the data shown by the application does not
+update but you still get the idea.
+
+{{ figure(image="posts/2023/rust-classic-mac-os-app/Ferris%20Weather.png", link="posts/2023/rust-classic-mac-os-app/Ferris%20Weather.png", pixelated=true, border=1, alt="Screenshot of the Ferris Weather application showing an alert with the temperature in Brisbane.", caption="Ferris Weather") }}
+
+So there you have it, that's how I built an application in Rust (and some C)
+for classic Mac OS. The [source code to Ferris Weather][ferris-weather] is on
+GitHub.
+
+### Next
+
+My intention is to take a bit of a break from classic Mac OS for a bit and work
+on some other projects—ones that might be useful to people in this century—but
+there are some things I want to look at when I come back to it:
+
+First is TLS support for the HTTP client. I think this should be relatively
+straightforward with the [embedded-tls] crate.
+
+Next I'd like to improve how Open Transport is used. I think with either
+the synchronous, non-blocking mode I'm using now or the asynchronous mode it
+should be possible to tie it into the async Rust ecosystem, which would allow
+it to play nicer with the event loop and cooperative multi-tasking.
+
+Finally, so far I've been working without the full Rust standard library, only
+`core` and `alloc`. It seems like it should be possible to implement a lot of
+the remaining standard library (io, networking), on top of the Mac OS toolbox,
+but that's a lot of work and will have to wait for another time.
+
+### Hire Me
+
+As mentioned at the start of this post I'm currently taking a break from
+employment but I will be looking for a new role next month, so if you're looking
+for a Rust developer get in touch.
+
+[#MARCHintosh]: https://www.marchintosh.com/
+[Ninji]: https://vulpine.club/@Ninji/110053455721324087
+[mcvert]: https://web.mit.edu/~mkgray/jik/sipbsrc/src/mcvert/mcvert.c
+[Networking With Open Transport]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/mac/NetworkingOT/NetworkingOpenTransport.pdf
+[ferris-weather]: https://github.com/wezm/ferris-weather
+[Retro68]: https://github.com/autc04/Retro68
+[MacBinary]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacBinary
+[macbinary-crate]: https://lib.rs/crates/macbinary
+[Allsorts]: https://github.com/yeslogic/allsorts
+[RevEng]: https://reveng.sourceforge.io/
+[crc crate]: https://lib.rs/crates/crc
+[CRC-16/XMODEM]: https://reveng.sourceforge.io/crc-catalogue/16.htm#crc.cat.crc-16-ibm-3740
+[MacBinary I]: https://web.archive.org/web/20050307030202/http://www.lazerware.com/formats/macbinary/macbinary.html
+[MacBinary II]: https://web.archive.org/web/20050305042909/http://www.lazerware.com/formats/macbinary/macbinary_ii.html
+[MacBinary III]: https://web.archive.org/web/20050305044255/http://www.lazerware.com/formats/macbinary/macbinary_iii.html
+[llvm-pascal]: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/bd20a344bbf813b2c39b57ad1a5248bff915ce25/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGCall.cpp#L60
+[trampoline functions]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trampoline_(computing)
+[embedded-nal]: https://docs.rs/embedded-nal/latest/embedded_nal/
+[http_io]: https://lib.rs/crates/http_io
+[serde]: https://serde.rs/
+[bom]: http://www.bom.gov.au/
+[Ferris]: https://rustacean.net/
+[ResEdit]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ResEdit
+[embedded-tls]: https://lib.rs/crates/embedded-tls
+[rust-temp]: https://github.com/wezm/classic-mac-rust
+[nim-version]: https://github.com/wezm/classic-mac-nim

v2/content/posts/2023/rust-on-ppc-classic-mac-os/index.md

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 title = "Trying to Run Rust on Classic Mac OS"
 date = 2023-02-27T10:06:28+10:00
 
-#[extra]
+[extra]
-#updated = 2023-01-11T21:11:28+10:00
+updated = 2023-03-26T14:27:05+10:00
 +++
 
 I recently acquired a Power Macintosh 9500/150 and after cleaning it up and
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ my `.a`, and it worked:
 ```
 docker run --rm -it -v $(pwd):/src debian:testing
 apt update
-apt install powerpc-linux-gnu-binutils
+apt install binutils-powerpc-linux-gnu
 powerpc-linux-gnu-objcopy -O aixcoff-rs6000 /src/target/powerpc-apple-macos/release/libclassic_mac_rust.a /src/target/powerpc-apple-macos/release/libclassic_mac_rust.obj
 ```
 

v2/sass/screen.scss

@@ -183,6 +183,9 @@ figure {
 .figure-border img {
   border: 1px solid #AAA;
 }
+.figure-pixelated img {
+  image-rendering: pixelated;
+}
 figcaption {
   font-size: 16px;
   font-weight: 500;
@@ -387,6 +390,9 @@ ul.projects {
     text-decoration: none;
   }
 }
+.mastodon-embed {
+  display: block;
+}
 
 @media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
   .tagline {

v2/templates/shortcodes/figure.html

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
+{% set figure_class = ["text-center"] %}
 {% if border %}
-<figure class="text-center figure-border">
+  {% set figure_class = figure_class | concat(with="figure-border") %}
-{% else %}
-<figure class="text-center">
 {% endif %}
+{% if pixelated %}
+  {% set figure_class = figure_class | concat(with="figure-pixelated") %}
+{% endif %}
+<figure class="{{ figure_class | join(sep=" ") }}">
   <a href="{{ config.base_url }}/{{ link }}">
   {% if resize_width %}
     {% set image = resize_image(path=image, width=resize_width, op="fit_width", quality=quality | default(value=75)) %}

v2/templates/shortcodes/video.html

@@ -1,4 +1,13 @@
+{% if poster %}
+{% else %}
+  {% set poster = "jpg" %}
+{% endif %}
+{% if preload %}
+{% else %}
+  {% set preload = "none" %}
+{% endif %}
+
 <figure class="text-center">
-  <video controls preload="none" src="{{ config.base_url }}/{{ video }}" poster="{{ config.base_url }}/{{ video }}.jpg" style="max-height: {{ height }}px"></video>
+  <video controls preload="{{ preload }}" src="{{ config.base_url }}/{{ video }}" poster="{{ config.base_url }}/{{ video }}.{{ poster }}" style="max-height: {{ height }}px" aria-label="{{ alt }}"></video>
   <figcaption>{{ caption }}</figcaption>
 </figure>