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106 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
106 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
+++
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title = "Alpine Linux and Docker Infrastructure Three Years Later"
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date = 2022-02-28T09:52:10+10:00
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[extra]
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#updated = 2022-01-27T21:07:32+10:00
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+++
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Three years ago I published,
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[Rebuilding My Personal Infrastructure With Alpine Linux and Docker][original-post],
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in which I described how I was hosting various applications using an [Alpine
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Linux][alpine] host and [Docker] on a virtual machine at [Vultr]. I thought it
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would be good to write a follow-up on how this worked out.
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<!-- more -->
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The server I set up in 2019 is still running, although it has been through a
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few Alpine upgrades in that time. Since there are very few packages installed
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on the host, upgrades are painless. When I originally configured the
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server Docker Compose was not in the stable Alpine package repos. It was added
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in the mid-2019 Alpine 3.10 release. I was glad to be able to remove `pip` and
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not have to manually manage compose updates after migrating to the package from
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that point on.
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In 2019 the services I was hosting looked like this:
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In 2022 the situation is now:
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As you can see the server is now running more containers. It now hosts a number
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of new services including a [Pleroma] instance and several web-applications I
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built in Rust ([leaf], [quotes], [dewpoint]). I also retired the [Binary
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Trance] Rails instance and migrated from [acme.sh] to [lego]. I ran a [Nitter]
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instance for a while but removed it after it bots made it consume a huge amount
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of bandwidth. See my [Burning 2.5Tb of Bandwidth Hosting a Nitter
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Instance](@/posts/2021/nitter-bandwidth/index.md) post for more details on
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that.
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The [Read Rust] application is implemented in [Crystal]. This one posed a bit
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of a challenge. It is the only container I run that is not derived from a
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minimal Alpine base image that I build myself. Instead, it uses `debian-slim`. I
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need to use a specific version of the Crystal compiler to build my application,
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which means I can't use the version in the Alpine package repos. Additionally
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the Linux binaries that the project published for this version are not
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dynamically linked but the bundled `libgc.a` assumes a `glibc` based system:
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$ crystal build src/asdf.cr
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/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/10.3.1/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: /crystal-0.34.0-1/bin/../lib/crystal/lib/libgc.a(pthread_support.o): in function `GC_thr_init':
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pthread_support.c:(.text+0x1137): undefined reference to `gnu_get_libc_version'
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⋮
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For this reason I opted to use a Debian base image for this container and that's
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worked fine.
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Another notable change is the move from [acme.sh] to [lego] for managing TLS
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certificates. In my original post I noted the following regarding how the
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certificates were renewed:
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> Docker and cron is also a challenge. I ended up solving that with a simple
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> solution: use the host cron to `docker exec` acme.sh in the `hitch` container.
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> Perhaps not “pure” Docker but a lot simpler than some of the options I saw.
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It turned out that this never worked. I could see that cron was running the
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script but the certs would not get renewed. For a while I ran the
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script manually to renew them, which did work. Eventually I got sick of this, and
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thinking `acme.sh` was to blame I searched for an alternative.
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I settled on [lego], an ACME client implemented in Go. I [discovered and
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suggested a fix for a bug][lego-bug] and [contributed LuaDNS
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support][lego-luadns] in May 2020 and then migrated over to using it instead of
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`acme.sh`. It was in the final stages of test this that I discovered the cron
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bug was in my script all along. Adding `-T` to inhibit `docker-compose exec`
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from allocating a TTY fixed the issue. It's likely this would have fixed the
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issue for `acme.sh` as well. Ultimately lego felt like the better option as the
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code in `acme.sh` for constructing API requests and [parsing their
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results][acme-parse] seemed quite fragile
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[Jokes aside][it-works-on-my-machine], I still find the Docker workflow of
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iterating on an image locally then shipping it when it's working to be quite
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pleasant. In summary this server has served me well over the last three years
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and I have no immediate plans to rebuild again. It's been reliable and mostly
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hassle free. Hosting on [Vultr] has also been reliable and stable over that
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whole time with only the odd interruption for network maintenance or network
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issues.
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[original-post]: https://www.wezm.net/technical/2019/02/alpine-linux-docker-infrastructure/
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[alpine]: https://alpinelinux.org/
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[Docker]: https://www.docker.com/
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[Vultr]: https://www.vultr.com/?ref=7903263
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[lego-luadns]: https://github.com/go-acme/lego/pull/1135
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[lego-bug]: https://github.com/go-acme/lego/issues/1150
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[acme-parse]: https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/blob/2a2d556551e9266a3924da205c1ede55d89a689d/dnsapi/dns_lua.sh#L117-L126
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[Pleroma]: https://pleroma.social/
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[lego]: https://go-acme.github.io/lego/
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[acme.sh]: https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh
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[Read Rust]: https://github.com/wezm/read-rust/
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[Crystal]: https://crystal-lang.org/
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[Binary Trance]: https://binarytrance.com/
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[leaf]: https://github.com/wezm/leaf
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[quotes]: https://github.com/wezm/Quotes
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[dewpoint]: https://github.com/wezm/dewpoint.7bit.org
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[Nitter]: https://github.com/zedeus/nitter
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[it-works-on-my-machine]: https://www.reddit.com/r/ProgrammerHumor/comments/cw58z7/it_works_on_my_machine/
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